ANATOMY OF FETAL CIRCULATORY VESSELS AND THEIR MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHANGES AFTER BIRTH

This thesis is devoted to the anatomy of fetal circulatory vessels and their morphofunctional changes after birth. The thesis examines the structural organization of the fetal vascular system, including the umbilical vein, umbilical arteries, ductus venosus, foramen ovale, and ductus arteriosus, as well as their role in maintaining intrauterine blood circulation. Particular attention is given to the transition from fetal to neonatal circulation, which is accompanied by significant anatomical and functional changes after delivery. The thesis highlights the mechanisms of closure and transformation of fetal shunts and vessels and explains their importance in normal neonatal adaptation. The study also emphasizes the clinical significance of fetal vascular anatomy in understanding congenital and transitional circulatory disorders. This thesis may be useful for students, young researchers, and specialists studying anatomy, embryology, neonatology, and pediatrics.