THE DIGITAL TURN IN ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES FROM UZBEK AND GLOBAL SCHOLARS

This article presents a comparative analysis of technology-enhanced English for Specific Purposes (ESP) instruction, tracing its evolution from early computer-assisted language learning (CALL) to the current age of artificial intelligence (AI) and mobile learning. By synthesizing perspectives from both Uzbek and global scholars, this study offers a nuanced understanding of how technology has reshaped pedagogical approaches in ESP. We review the historical foundations laid by pioneers in the field, examining how their theories have been adapted and challenged by modern innovations. The analysis specifically incorporates insights from the unique context of Uzbekistan, highlighting the challenges and opportunities within its educational system. By identifying critical research gaps, particularly in the areas of teacher training, localized curriculum development, and the long-term efficacy of AI tools, we propose a set of practical solutions and recommendations for educators, policymakers, and researchers.