Adoptive T cell therapy for cancer in the clinic

The transfusion of lymphocytes, referred to as adoptive T cell therapy, is being tested for the treatment of cancer and chronic infections.Adoptive T cell therapy has the potential to enhance antitumor immunity, augment vaccine efficacy, and limit graft-versus-host disease.This form of personalized medicine is now in various early-and late-stage clinical trials.These trials are currently testing strategies to infuse tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, CTLs, Th cells, and Tregs.Improved molecular biology techniques have also increased enthusiasm and feasibility for testing genetically engineered T cells.The current status of the field and prospects for clinical translation are reviewed herein.Nonstandard abbreviations used: DLI, donor lymphocyte infusion; GVHD, graftversus-host disease; HSV-TK, herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase; MART-1, melanoma-associated antigen recognized by T cells 1; TIL, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte.Conflict of interest: C.H. June receives income from BD Biosciences, Cell Genesys, CellDex Therapeutics, Maxcyte, and AVEO Pharmaceuticals Inc. and research sup-