Characterization of activated carbon prepared by phosphoric acid activation of olive stones

The effects of activating agent concentration on the pore structure and surface chemistry of activated carbons derived from olive stone with chemical activation method using phosphoric acid as the activating agent were studied. Mass changes associated with the impregnation, carbonization and washing processes were measured. With H 3 PO 4 dilute solutions (60, 70, and 80 wt% H 3 PO 4 ), the loading of substance on CS increases with concentration. The concentration of the H 3 PO 4 solution seems to control the processes of impregnation, carbonization and washing in the preparation of AC from olive stones by H 3 PO 4 chemical activation. ACs have been characterized from the results obtained by N 2 adsorption at 77 K. Moreover, the fractal dimension ( D ) has been calculated in order to determine the AC surface roughness degree. Optimal textural properties of ACs have been obtained by chemical activation with H 3 PO 4 80 wt.%. The BET surface areas and total pore volumes of the carbons produced at H 3 PO 4 80 wt.% are 1218 m 2 /g and 0.6 cm 3 /g, respectively.