Molecular Chromophore–Catalyst Assemblies for Solar Fuel Applications

As the world’s population increases, the U.S. Department of Energy has estimated that energy consumption will increase with it, increasing from 5.7 × 1020 J in 2012 to 8.1 × 1020 J in 2040. This projection takes into account population growth, average gross domestic product per capita, and globally averaged energy intensity. At the same time, there is an increased understanding of the importance of integrating good environmental practices with stimulating economic growth and leadership provided by international organizations, such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Most of the increases in energy consumption will come from emerging economies in Asia, Africa, and South America where goals, priorities, and challenges are diverse. To meet these demands there is a need to develop alternate energy sources. Although renewable and nuclear energy are growing by 2.5% a year, fossil fuels are still projected to make up at least 80% of the global energy supply in 2040.