Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012 : Integrating nutrition and physical activity

Recommended intakes of macronutrients (excluding energy from alcohol) Adults and children from 2 years of age Fatty acids (expressed as triglycerides)Intake of cis-monounsaturated fatty acids should be 10-20% of the energy intake (E%).Intake of cis-polyunsaturated fatty acids should be 5-10 E%, of which n-3 fatty acids should provide at least 1 E%.Cis-monounsaturated and cis-polyunsaturated fatty acids should constitute at least two thirds of the total fatty acids in the diet.Intake of saturated fatty acids should be limited to less than 10 E%.Intake of trans-fatty acids should be kept as low as possible.The total fat recommendation is 25-40 E% and is based on the recommended ranges for different fatty acid categories.Linoleic (n-6) and alpha linolenic (n-3) acids are essential fatty acids and should contribute at least 3 E%, including at least 0.5 E% as alpha linolenic acid.For pregnant and lactating women, the essential fatty acids should contribute at least 5 E%, including 1 E% from n-3 fatty acids of which 200 mg/d should be docosahexaenoic acid, DHA (22:6 n-3).a refers to the consumed amount, and losses during preparation, cooking, etc. must be accounted for.b exclusive breastfeeding is the preferable source of nutrition for infants during the first six months of life.therefore, recommendations for single nutrients are not given for infants 14 y Children 2-13 y Guiding value* 1-1.5 L/d 1 L/d * from water and fluids.In addition to water from foods.* Cis-monounsaturated (cis-mufa) and cis-polyunsaturated fat (cis-Pufa) should make up a minimum of 2/3 of the total fat intake.sfa: saturated fatty acids; tfa: trans-fatty acids.fatty acids are expressed as triglycerides.* acceptable range.Adults 18-64 y ≥65 y Children 2-17 y 12-23 mo.6-11 mo.E% 10-20 15-20 10-20 10-15 7-15The range of 10-20 E% for adults corresponds to about 0.8-1.5 g protein/ kg body weight/d, provided a physical activity level (PAL) of 1.6 for an intake of about 10 E%, and a PAL of 1.4 for an intake of about 20 E%, respectively.The range of 15-20 E% for the elderly corresponds to about 1.1-1.3protein/kg body weight/d, provided a PAL of 1.6 for an intake of about 15 E%, and a PAL of 1.4 for an intake of about 20 E%, respectively.a l C o h o l 13 Alcohol Adults Children and adolescents Women Men < 10 g/d (< 5 E%) < 20 g/d (< 5 E%) Abstain * as preformed retinol.# Post-menopausal women.* Iom 2010; efsa 2012.* mg/d from supplement (efsa 2003).* 0.8 mg at energy intakes <8 mJ/d and 1.0 mg/d for elderly.** not established.* not established.* 8 ne/d at intakes 10 y Children 2-9 y Sodium Salt 2.4 g/d 6 g/d 0.5 g/MJ 3-4 g/d * sCf 2003 (1).