Silica Spheres Coated with YVO4:Eu3+ Layers via Sol−Gel Process: A Simple Method To Obtain Spherical Core−Shell Phosphors

Spherical SiO 2 particles have been successfully coated with YVO 4:Eu 3+ phosphor layers through a Pechini sol−gel process. The resulted YVO 4:Eu 3+ @SiO 2 core−shell phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectra, transmission electron microscopy, UV/vis absorption spectra, general and time-resolved photoluminescence spectra, as well as kinetic decays. The XRD results demonstrate that the YVO 4:Eu 3+ layers begin to crystallize on the SiO 2 particles after annealing at 400 °C, and the crystallinity increases with raising the annealing temperature. The obtained core−shell phosphors have perfect spherical shape with narrow size distribution (average size ca. 500 nm), nonagglomeration, and smooth surface. The thickness of the YVO 4:Eu 3+ shells on SiO 2 cores could be easily tailored by varying the number of deposition cycles (60 nm for two deposition cycles). The Eu 3+ shows a strong photoluminescence (PL) (dominated by 5 D 0 − 7 F 2 red emission at 617 nm) due to an efficient energy transfer from vanadate groups to Eu 3+ . The energy transfer process was further studied by the time-resolved emission spectra as well as kinetic decay curves of Eu 3+ upon excitation into the VO 4 3 – ion. The PL intensity of Eu 3+ increases with raising the annealing temperature and the number of coating cycles, and optimum polyethylene glycol concentration in the precursor solution was determined to be 0.08 g/mL for obtaining the strongest emission of Eu 3+ .