The worldwide epidemiology of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease

Abstract: Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) are significant public health concerns around the world. Despite decreasing incidence, there is still a significant disease burden, especially in developing nations. This review provides background on the history of ARF, its pathology and treatment, and the current reported worldwide incidence of ARF and prevalence of RHD. Keywords: rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease, group A streptococcus, epidemiology