Using Theory Elaboration to Make Theoretical Advancements

We describe an actionable research approach for addressing current challenges to theoretical advancement labeled theory elaboration. Theory elaboration is the process of conceptualizing and executing empirical research using preexisting conceptual ideas or a preliminary model as a basis for developing new theoretical insights by contrasting, specifying, or structuring theoretical constructs and relations to account for and explain empirical observations. We identify and describe seven specific tactics for conducting a theory elaboration study: horizontal contrasting, vertical contrasting, new construct specification, construct splitting, structuring specific relations, structuring sequence relations, and structuring recursive relations. We also link each tactic with different types of theory advancements. In addition, we provide a sequential decision-making process for deciding whether to adopt a theory elaboration approach given a particular research domain and context. Finally, we identify research domains and specific topics in organizational behavior, human resource management, strategic management, and entrepreneurship for which theory elaboration is likely to be most effective as a means to make theoretical advancements.