Energy management strategies of connected HEVs and PHEVs: Recent progress and outlook

The rapid development of intelligent transportation system (ITS) offers great opportunities to improve the overall performance of energy management strategies (EMSs) for connected hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug-in HEVs (PHEVs). This paper systematically surveys the state-of-the-art in EMSs for connected HEVs/PHEVs. To this end, the main difference between HEVs/PHEVs and internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles is first elaborated to introduce the EMSs of connected HEVs/PHEVs. A classification framework of EMSs for connected HEVs/PHEVs is then presented, where various approaches are classified into three categories, i.e., in terms of single-vehicle, two-vehicle, and multi-vehicle scenarios. Eco-driving for connected vehicles using V2I (Vehicle to Infrastructure) communication is emphasized as well. In the sequel, a comprehensive literature survey is presented, and each method is elaborated in terms of its basic principles, advantages, and disadvantages. Finally, future research trends from different perspectives are suggested with a view to further development in EMSs for connected HEVs/PHEVs.