William E. Paul
National Institutes of Health
William Erwin Paul was an American immunologist. He and Maureen Howard discovered interleukin 4, while an independent team led by Ellen Vitetta did the same in 1982. Paul worked on AIDS research for much of his career at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). He served as president of the American Association of Immunologists from 1986 to 1987.
Read biography ↓Biography, research & contributions
William Erwin Paul was an American immunologist. He and Maureen Howard discovered interleukin 4, while an independent team led by Ellen Vitetta did the same in 1982. Paul worked on AIDS research for much of his career at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). He served as president of the American Association of Immunologists from 1986 to 1987.
Affiliation
National Institutes of Health
Top Publications
- Differentiation of Effector CD4 T Cell Populations (2010) - 3,528 citations
- Interferon-γ and B Cell Stimulatory Factor-1 Reciprocally Regulate Ig Isotype Production (1987) - 1,940 citations
- Lymphocyte responses and cytokines (1994) - 1,846 citations
- CD4 T cells: fates, functions, and faults (2008) - 1,829 citations
- THE IL-4 RECEPTOR: Signaling Mechanisms and Biologic Functions (1999) - 1,556 citations
At a glance
- Full name
- William E. Paul
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/A5110180932
Research interests
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology, Immunotherapy and Immune Responses, Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions, Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research, Immune Response and Inflammation
Research topics
Education
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Selected research & further reading
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See the source-linked reading and original works in the research guide above.
Citation & publication trends
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Source: OpenAlex · Retrieved 2026-10-07. Metrics are database-specific and are not a scientific ranking.
Most-cited linked publications
Publications matched across ORCID and OpenAlex. Citation counts are source-specific.
- Differentiation of Effector CD4 T Cell Populations ↗2010 · Annual Review of Immunology3,528OpenAlex citations
- 1,940OpenAlex citations
- Lymphocyte responses and cytokines ↗1994 · Cell1,846OpenAlex citations
- CD4 T cells: fates, functions, and faults ↗2008 · Blood1,829OpenAlex citations
- THE IL-4 RECEPTOR: Signaling Mechanisms and Biologic Functions ↗1999 · Annual Review of Immunology1,556OpenAlex citations
Recent linked publications
Publications matched across ORCID and OpenAlex. Citation counts are source-specific.
- Differentiation of Effector CD4 T Cell Populations ↗2010 · Annual Review of Immunology
- Lymphocyte responses and cytokines ↗1994 · Cell
- CD4 T cells: fates, functions, and faults ↗2008 · Blood
- THE IL-4 RECEPTOR: Signaling Mechanisms and Biologic Functions ↗1999 · Annual Review of Immunology
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Institutions
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Previous institutions
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Awards & honors
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Career timeline
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Co-authors
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Education & career institution links
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Sign in to claim this profileSources & data information
Editorial review: 2026-10-07 · Last data update: 2026-10-07 23:20:53
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